EARTH has a number of layers with unique structures. One of the layers of the earth is the earth’s corewhich is the very hot and dense center of the earth.
Heavy metals like iron And nickel makes up most of the chemical composition of the Earth’s core. The solid metal ball is surrounded by a rapidly moving layer of molten iron and nickel.
The earth’s core is divided into two main layers, namely the inner core and the outer core. The inner core has a radius of about 1,220 kilometers. In addition, the earth’s core is dense due to extreme pressure. Meanwhile, the outer core is around 2,300 kilometers thick and is in a liquid state.
About 85% of the outer core and 90% of the Earth’s inner core is iron, while nickel makes up most of the remaining components. These heavy metals in the Earth’s core produce magnetic properties at the center of the planet through the geodynamic dynamo process, which is produced by the movement of liquid iron in the outer core.
So this process creates the Earth’s magnetic field which can protect the planet from dangerous cosmic radiation and solar wind. According to research published in the journal Nature Geoscience in 2020, iron isotopes from the Earth’s core may leak or seep into the next geological layer.
The rocky mantle at a depth of around 2,900 kilometers below the Earth’s surface is the layer in question. Due to its depth and extreme temperatures, obtaining very deep samples of the Earth’s mantle is not easy.
Para scientist obtained findings through laboratory experiments and geodynamic modeling, as reported on the IFL Science website, Tuesday (10/12). The scientists carried out the experiment to understand how liquid iron alloys react at very high temperatures, around 2,000°C, and incredibly strong pressure, similar to conditions in Earth’s interior.
The experiment shows how iron isotopes migrate based on a temperature gradient, where heavier isotopes tend to move to colder areas. This causes the metallic core material to infiltrate the lower mantle, a phenomenon that provides clues about the dynamics of materials within the Earth.
Various Movements
In fact, leakage from the Earth’s core is not the only dynamic activity in the Earth’s interior. Just as material tends to move from the core to the outside, other materials also experience movement from the surface to lower depths.
The researchers also found that water from the earth’s surface pushed into the mantle due to sliding activity tectonic plates. A 2014 study revealed the mantle transition zone, located at a depth of about 410 to 660 kilometers, contains a thick layer rich in ringwoodite.
Existence ringwoodite provides an indication that there is a lot of water stored in the mantle transition zone.
Ringwoodite is a mineral that forms in the Earth’s mantle under high temperatures and pressure. This mineral has a bright blue color and can store water in its structure, but not in liquid, gas or solid form. Meanwhile, the water is inside ringwoodite trapped in the form of hydrogen ions bonded in its crystal structure.
Scientists estimate that only 1 percent of the rocks in this zone contain water, so the amount could be equivalent to 3x the amount of water in all of Earth’s oceans. In the sense that most of the water on Earth is probably trapped in the mantle, locked in minerals such as ringwoodite.
These scientists’ discoveries not only change the understanding of the distribution of water on Earth, but also help explain the water cycle on a geological scale and how water interacts with tectonic plate activity and the planet’s internal processes. (M-3)
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